Skip Navigation Links.
Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics. 2018, 6(2), 41-54
DOI: 10.12691/JGG-6-2-2
Original Research

Polyphase deformation in the Mbé - Sassa-Bersi area: Implications on the tectono-magmatic history of the area and the tectonic evolution of the Tcholliré-Banyo and Central Cameroon Shear Zones (Central North Cameroon)

Saha Fouotsa Alliance Nicaise1, , Tchameni Rigobert1, Nomo Negue Emmanuel2, Daouda Dawaï3, Penaye Joseph4 and Fosso Tchunte Periclex Martial1

1Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré P.O. box 454 Ngaoundéré, Cameroon

2Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. box 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon

3Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon

4Centre de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (CRGM) de Garoua, P.O. Box 333 Garoua, Cameroun

Pub. Date: June 28, 2018
Full Text PDF

Cite this paper

Saha Fouotsa Alliance Nicaise, Tchameni Rigobert, Nomo Negue Emmanuel, Daouda Dawaï, Penaye Joseph and Fosso Tchunte Periclex Martial. Polyphase deformation in the Mbé - Sassa-Bersi area: Implications on the tectono-magmatic history of the area and the tectonic evolution of the Tcholliré-Banyo and Central Cameroon Shear Zones (Central North Cameroon). Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics. 2018; 6(2):41-54. doi: 10.12691/JGG-6-2-2

Abstract

Field petrographic and structural data of the Mbé-Sassa-Bersi area exposed two main group of rock (metamorphics and plutonics) which were affected by polyphase deformation. The structural evolution is marked by four deformation phases called D1, D2, D3 and D4. The geometrical arrangement of D1 structures (flat-lying foliation, horizontal lineation, recumbent folds and overlapping) allow to linked this deformation phase to tectonic nappe verging toward SSE. The second deformation stage (D2) corresponds to simple shear dominated transpression and characterized by the evolution of the Tcholliré-Banyo shear zone (TBSZ) that showing sinistral movement. The third deformation phase (D3), is marked by strain partitioning induced by transpression and links to the evolution of the Central Cameroon shear zone (CCSZ) that displays dextral motion. D1, D2 and D3 are associated to migmatization, development and emplacement of granitic magmatism. During D2 and D3, the magmatic rocks are emplaced under the control of the two main crustal shear zones (TBSZ and CCSZ). D4 deformation is responsible for the development of faults, fracture and joints and corresponds to brittle tectonic. The main NW-SE direction of faults and fractures suggest that D4 stage shows traces of the Benue trough. On the whole, Nappe tectonic, followed by transpressive tectonic are the main tectonic type developed during the Pan-African Orogeny in Central North Cameroon.

Keywords

Central African orogenic belt, central Cameroun domain, shear zone, nappe tectonic, transpression, strain portioning

Copyright

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

[1]  Ngako, V., Affaton, P., Nnange, J.M., Njanko, Th., 2003. Pan-African tectonic evolution in central and southern Cameroun: transpression and transtension during sinistral shear movements. Journal of African Earth Sciences 36, 207-214.
 
[2]  Penaye, J., Kröner, A., Toteu, S.F., Van Schmus, W.R., Doumnang, J.C., 2006. Evolution of the Mayo Kebbi region as revealed by zircon dating: an early (ca. 740 Ma) Pan-African magmatic arc in southwestern Chad. Journal of African Earth Sciences 44, 530-542.
 
[3]  Njonfang, E., Ngako, V., Moreau, C., Affaton, P., Diot, H., 2008. Restraining bends in high temperature shear zone: the “Central Cameroon Shear Zone”, Central Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 52, 9-20.
 
[4]  Nsifa, E., Tchameni, R., Nedelec, A., Siqueira, R., Pouclet, A., Bascou, J., 2013. Structure and petrology of Pan-African nepheline syenites from the South West Cameroon; Implications for their emplacement mode, petrogenesis and geodynamic significance. Journal of African Earth Sciences 87, 44-58.
 
[5]  Ngako, V., Jegouzo, P., Nzenti, J.P., 1992. Champ de raccourcissement et de cratonisation du Nord Cameroun du Protérozoïque Supérieur au Protérozoïque Moyen. Comptes Rendu Académie des Sciences. Paris 315, 371-377.
 
[6]  Nzenti, J.P., Barbey, P., Macaudière, J., Soba, D., 1988. Origin and evolution of the late Precambrian high-grade Yaoundé gneisses (Cameroon). Précambrian Research 38, 91-109.
 
[7]  Castaing, C., Feybesse, J.-L., Thiéblemont, D., Triboulet, C., Chèvremont, P., 1994. Paleogeographical reconstructions of the Pan-African/Brasiliano orogen: closure of an oceanic domain or intracontinental convergence between major blocks. Precambrian Research 69, 327-344.
 
[8]  Trompette, R., 1997. Neoproterozoic (600 Ma) aggregation of Western Gondwana: a tentative scenario. Precambrian Research 82, 101-112.
 
[9]  Toteu, S.F., Penaye, J., Poudjom Djomani, Y., 2004. Geodynamic evolution of the Pan-African belt in Central Africa with special reference to Cameroon. Canadian Journal Earth Sciences 41, 73-85.
 
[10]  Ngako, V., Affaton, P., Djonfang, E., 2008. Pan-African tectonics in northwestern Cameroon: Implication for the history of western Gondwana. Gondwana research 14, 509-22.
 
[11]  Van Schmus, W.R., Oliveira, E.P., da Silva Filho, A.F., Toteu, S.F., Penaye, J., Guimarães, I.P., 2008. Proterozoic links between the Borborema Province, NE Brazil, and the Central African Fold Belt. Geological Society, London, special Publication 294, 69-99.
 
[12]  Dumont, J.F., 1986. Identification par télédétection de l’accident de la Sanaga (Cameroun): sa position dans le contexte des grands accidents d’Afrique Centrale et de la limite nord du craton congolais. Géodynamique 1, 13-19.
 
[13]  Kankeu, B., Greiling, R.O., Nzenti, J.P., Runge, J., Bassahak, J., Hell, J.V., 2008. Pan- African tectonic evolution along the Adamoua shear zone, central Cameroon: The southern Mbere-Djerem high strain zone. 22nd Colloquim on African Geology, Hammanet-Tunisia, 4-6 November 2008: 69-71.
 
[14]  Pinna, P., Calvez, J.Y., Abessolo, A., Angel, J.M., Mekoulou-Mekoulou, T., Mananga, G., Vernhet, Y., 1994. Neoproterozoic events in the Tcholliré area: Pan-African crustal growth and geodynamics in central-northern Cameroon (Adamawa and North Provinces). Journal of African Earth Sciences 18, 347-353.
 
[15]  Ngako, V., Jegouzo, P., Nzenti, J.P., 1991. Le Cisaillement Centre Camerounais. Rôle structural et géodynamique dans l’orogenèse panafricaine. Compte Rendu de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 315, 457-463.
 
[16]  Ngako, V. Njonfang, E., 2011. Plates amalgamation and plate destruction, the Western Gondwana history. In: Closson D (ed) Tectonics, InTech, pp 1-36.
 
[17]  Nomo Negue, E., Tchameni, R., Vanderhaeghe, O., Sun, F., Barbey, P., Tekoum, L., Fosso Tchunte, P.M., Eglinger A., Saha Fouotsa, A.N., 2017. Structure and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of syntectonic plutons emplaced in the Pan-African Banyo-Tcholliré shear zone (central north Cameroon). Journal of African Earth Sciences 131, 251-271.
 
[18]  Nzenti, J.P., Kapajika, B., Wörner, G., Lubala, R.T., 2006. Synkinematic emplacement of granitoids in a Pan-African shear zone in Central Cameroon. Journal of African Earth Sciences 45, 74-86.
 
[19]  Njanko, T., Nédélec, A., Affaton, P., 2006. Synkinematic high-K calc-alkaline plutons associated with the Pan-African Central Cameroun Shear Zone (W-Tibati area): petrology and geodynamic significance. Journal of African Earth Sciences 44, 494-510.
 
[20]  Dumont, J.F., Toteu, S.F., Penaye, J., 1985. Ensembles structuraux et principales phases de déformations panafricaines dans la zone mobile du Nord Cameroun, région de Poli. Revue des Sciences et Techniques, Série Sciences de la Terre, Yaoundé, 1, 9-23.
 
[21]  Ngako, V., 1986. Evolution métamorphique et structurale de la bordure sud–ouest de la « série de Poli » (segment camerounais de la chaîne panafricaine). Mémoires et documents du Centre Armoricain d’Etude Structurale des socles, Rénnes 5, 185p.
 
[22]  Njonfang, E., Moreau, C., Tchoua, F.M., 1998. La bande mylonitique Foumban–Bankim, Ouest Cameroun. Une zone de cisaillement de haute température. Compte Rendu Académie des Sciences de Paris 327, 735-741.
 
[23]  Ganwa, A.A., 2005. Les granitoïdes de Méiganga: étude pétrographique, géochimique, structurale et géochronologique. Leur place dans la chaîne panafricaine. Thèse de Doctorat d’État (unpubl.), Université de Yaoundé I, 162 pp.
 
[24]  Njonfang, E., Ngako, V., Kwékam, M., Affaton, P., 2006. Les orthogneiss calco-alcalins de Foumban-Bankim: témoins d’une zone interne de marge active panafricaine en cisaillement. Compte Rendu Geosciences 338, 606-616.
 
[25]  Penaye, J., Toteu, S.F., Michard, A., Bertrand, J.M., Dautel, D., 1989. Reliques granulitiques d’âge Protérozoïque inférieur dans la zone mobile Panafricaine d’Afrique Centrale au Cameroun. Géochronologie U–Pb sur zircons. Compte Rendu de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 309, 315-318.
 
[26]  Louis, P., 1970. Contribution géophysique à la connaissance du bassin du Lac Tchad. ORSTOM, Paris, France, Mémoire 42, 308p.
 
[27]  Braitenberg, C., Mariani, P., Ebbing, J., Sprlak, P.M.M., 2011. The enigmatic Chad lineament revisited with global gravity and gravity-gradient fields. Geological Society, London Spec. Publ. 357, 329-341.
 
[28]  Bouyo, M.H., Zhao, Y., Penaye, J., Zhang, S.H., Njel, U.O., 2015. Neoproterozoic subduction-related metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks from the Rey Bouba Greenstone Belt of north-central Cameroon in the Central African Fold Belt: new insights into a continental arc geodynamic setting. Precambrian Research 261, 40-53.
 
[29]  Banakeng, L.A., Zo’o Zame, P., Tchameni, R., Mamdem, L., Bitom, D., 2016. Mineralogy and geochemistry of laterites developed on chlorite schists in Tcholliré region, North Cameroon. Journal of African Earth Sciences 119, 264-278.
 
[30]  Pouclet, A., Vidal, M., Doumnang, J.-C., Vicat, J.-P., Tchameni, R., 2006. Neoproterozoic crustal evolution in Southern Chad: Pan-African ocean basin closing, arc accretion and late- to post-orogenic granitic intrusion. Journal of African Earth Sciences 44, 543-560.
 
[31]  Toteu, S.F., Penaye, J., Deloule, E., Van Schmus, W.R., Tchameni, R., 2006. Diachronous evolution of volcano-sedimentary basins nord of the Congo craton: insights from U-Pb ion microprobe dating of zircon from the Poli, Lom and Yaoundé Groups (Cameroon). Journal of African Earth Sciences 44, 428-442.
 
[32]  Cornachia, M., Dars, R., 1983. Un trait structural majeur du continent africain: les linéaments centrafricain du Cameroun au golfe d’Aden. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 25, 101-109.
 
[33]  Almeida, F.F.M., Hasui, Y., Neves, B.B.B., Fuck, R.A., 1981. Brazilian structural provinces: an introduction. Earth Sciences Review 17, 291-317.
 
[34]  Penaye, J., Toteu, S.F., Tchameni, R., Van Schmus, W.R., Tchakounté, J., Ganwa, A., Miyem, D., Nsifa, E.N., 2004. The 2.1 Ga West Central African Belt in Cameroon: extension and evolution. Journal of African Earth Sciences 39, 159-164.
 
[35]  Ganwa, A.A., Frisch, W., Siebel, W., Ekodeck, G.E., Shang, C.K., Ngako, V., 2008a. Archean inheritances in the pyroxene-amphibole bearing gneiss of the Méiganga area (Central North Cameroon): Geochemical and 207Pb/206Pb age imprints. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 340, 211-222.
 
[36]  Ganwa, A.A., Frisch, W., Siebel, W., Shang, C.K., Mvondo Ondoa, J., Satir, M., TchakountéNumbem, J., 2008b. Zircon 207Pb/206Pb evaporation ages of Panafrican metasedimentary rocks in the Kombé-II area (Bafia Group): Contraints on protoliths age and provenance. Journal of African Earth Sciences 51, 77-88.
 
[37]  Ganwa, A.A., Frisch, W., Siebel, W., Shang, C.K., 2011. Geochemistry of Magmatic Rocks and Time Constraints on Deformational Phases and Shear Zone Slip in the Méiganga Area, Central Cameroon. International Geology Review 53, 759-784.
 
[38]  Ganwa, A.A., Klötzli, U.S., Hauzenberger, C., 2016. Evidence for Archean inheritance in the pre-Panafrican crust of Central Cameroon: Insight from zircon internal structure and LA-MC-ICP- MS U-Pb ages. Journal of African Earth Sciences 120, 12-22.
 
[39]  Bouyo Houketchang, M., Toteu, S.F., Deloule, E., Penaye, J., Van Schmus, W.R., 2009. U-Pb and Sm-Nd dating of high-pressure granulites from Tcholliré and Banyo regions: Evidence for a Pan-African granulite facies metamorphism in north-central Cameroon. Journal of African Earth Sciences 54, 144-154.
 
[40]  Bouyo Houketchang, M., Penaye, J., Barbey, P., Toteu, S.F., Wandji, P., 2013. Petrology of high-pressure granulite facies metapelites and metabasites from Tcholliré and Banyo regions: Geodynamic implication for the Central African Fold Belt (CAFB) of north-central Cameroon. Precambrian Research 224, 412–433.
 
[41]  Soba, D., Michard, A., Toteu, S.F., Norman, D.I., Penaye, J., Ngako, V., Nzenti, J.P., Dautel, D., 1991. Données géochronologiques nouvelles (Rb-Sr, U-Pb et Sm-Nd) sur la zone mobile panafricaine de l’Est Cameroun : âge protérozoïque supérieur de la série de Lom. Compte Rendu de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 312, 1453-1458.
 
[42]  Toteu, S.F., Van Schmus, W.R., Penaye, J., Michard, A., 2001. New U-Pb, and Sm-Nd data from Nord-Central Cameroun and its bearing on the pre – Pan-African history of Africa. Precambrian Research 108, 45-73.
 
[43]  Tchameni, R., Pouclet, A., Penaye, J., Ganwa, A.A., Toteu, S.F., 2006. Petrography and geochemistry of the Ngaoundéré Pan-African granitoïds in Central North Cameroon: Implications for their sources and geological setting. Journal of African Earth Sciences 44, 511-529.
 
[44]  Nkoumbou, C., Barbey, P., Yonta-Ngouné, C., Paquette, J.L., Villiéras, F., 2014. Pre-collisional geodynamic context of the southern margin of the Pan-African fold belt in Cameroon. Journal of African Earth Sciences 99, 245-260.
 
[45]  Tchakounté J., Eglinger A., Toteu S.F. Zeh a., Nkoumbou C., Mvondo-Ondoa J., Penaye P., De Wit M., Barbey P., 2017. The Adamawa-Yadé domain, a piece of Archaean crust in the Neoproterozoic Central African Orogenic belt (Bafia area, Cameroon). Precambrian Research 299, 210-229.
 
[46]  Hobbs, B.E., Means, W.D., Williams, P.F., 1976. An Outline of Structural Geology. New York, J Wileys and Sons, 379p.
 
[47]  Ragan, D.M., 1973. Structural geology: an introduction to geometrical techniques. 2nd edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 1-208.
 
[48]  Naïmou, S., Ganwa, A.A., Urs, K., Amadou D.K., Ekodeck G.E., 2014. Petrography and Geochemistry of Precambrian Basement Straddling the Cameroon-Chad Border: The Touboro-Baïbokoum Area. International Journal of Geosciences 5, 418-431.
 
[49]  Ferré, E., Deleris, J., Bouchez, J.L., Lar, A.U., Peucat, J.J., 1996. The Pan-African reactivation of Eburnean and Archean provinces in Nigeria; structural and isotopic data. Journal of Geology and Mining Research 153, 719-728.
 
[50]  Hanmer, S., 1986. Asymmetrical pull-aparts and foliation fish as kinematic indicadors. Journal of Structural Geology 8, 111-122.
 
[51]  Goldstein, G.A., 1988. Factors affecting kinematic interpretation of asymmetric boudinage in shear zones. Journal of Structural Geology 10, 707-715.
 
[52]  Ganno, S., Nzenti, J. P., Ngnotue, T., Kankeu, B., Kouankap Nono, G. D., 2010. Polyphase deformation and evidence for transpressive tectonics in the Kimbi area, Northwestern Cameroon Pan-African fold belt. Journal of Geology and Mining Research 2(1), 001-015.
 
[53]  Tikoff, B., Fossen, H., 1998. Extended models of Transpression and transtension, and application to tectonic settings. Geological Society, London, Spec. Publ. 135, 15-33.
 
[54]  Kankeu, B., Greiling, R.O., Nzenti, J.P., 2009. Pan-african strike-slip tectonics in eastern Cameroon-Magnetic fabrics (AMS) and structure in the Lom basin and its gneissic basement. Precambrian Research 174, 258-272.
 
[55]  D'Lemos, R.S., Brown, N., Strachan, R.A., 1992. Granite magma generation, ascent and emplacement within a transpressional orogen. Journal of Geological Society of London 149, 487-490.
 
[56]  Denèle, Y., Olivier, P., Gleizes, G., 2008. Progressive deformation of a zone of magma transfer in a transpressional regime: The Variscan Mérens shear zone (Pyrenees, France). Journal of Structural Geology, 30, 1138-1149.
 
[57]  Nnange, J.M., 1991. The crustal structure of the Cameroon Volcanic Line and the Foumban shear zone based on gravity and aeromagnetic data. PhD thesis, University of Leeds, England, 242p.
 
[58]  Hutton, D.H.W., Reavy, R.J., 1992. Strike-slip tectonics and granites petrogenesis. Tectonics 11, 960-967.
 
[59]  Woodcock, N., Schubert, C., 1994. Continental strike-slip tectonics. In: Hancock, P.L (Ed.), Continental deformation. Pergamon Press, New York, pp. 251-263.
 
[60]  Cobbold, P.R., Gapais, D., Rossello, E.A., 1991. Partitioning of transpressive motions within a sigmoidal fold belt: the Variscan Sierras Australes, Argentina. Journal of Structural Geology 13: 743-758.
 
[61]  Jones, R.R., Tanner, P.W.G. 1995. Strain partitioning in transpression zones. J. Struct. Geol. 17: 793-802.
 
[62]  Tikoff, B, De Saint Blanquatt, M (1997). Transpressional shearing and strike-slip partitioning in the late Cretaceous Sierra Nevada magmatic arc, California. Tectonics 16: 442-459.
 
[63]  Dewey, J.F., Holdsworth, R.E., Strachan, R.A., 1999. Transpression and transtension zones. In: Holdsworth, R. E., Strachan, R. A. & Dewey, J.F. (eds) Continental Transpressional and Transtensional Tectonics. Geological Society, London, Spec. Pub. 135, 1-14.
 
[64]  Carosi, R., Frassi, C., Iacopini, D., Montomoli, C., 2005. Post collisional transpressive tectonics in northern Sardinia (Italy). J. Virtual Explo. 19(3): 2.
 
[65]  Dabo, M., Gueye, M., Ngom, P.M., Diagne, M., 2008. Orogen-parallel tectonic transport: transpression and strain partitionning in the Mauritanides of NE Senegal. In: Ennih, N & Liégeois, JP. (eds) The Boundaries of West African Craton. Geological Society, London, Spec. Pub. 297: 483-497.
 
[66]  Dawaï, D., Tchameni, R., Bascou, J. Awe Wangmene, S., Fosso Tchunte, P.M., Bouchez, J.L., 2017. Microstructures and magnetic fabrics of the Ngaoundéré granite pluton (Cameroon): Implications to the late-Pan-African evolution of Central Cameroon Shear Zone. Journal of African Earth Sciences 129, 887-897.
 
[67]  Njome, M.S., Suh C.E., 2005. Tectonic evolution of the Tombel graben basement, southwestern Cameroon. Episodes 2, 37-41.