Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics

Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) technology have opened a new era in the field of applied geology. In this study, combined field and remote sensing applications through the processing of the Landsat-7 Enhance Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) were used to monitor to geologic structures in Ngoura-Colomines area. This mapping approach led to the detection of 654 lineaments in which two main types have been distinguished. The type-I (15%) shows two main directions (NE-SW and NW-SE) and corresponds to large-scale or regional structures while type-II (85%) with dominant NE-SW-trends represents foliation trajectories. In addition, type-I lineaments are compatible with the Riedel fault system composed of P and P′ fractures oriented NE-SW and NNE-SSW respectively; E-W trending R fractures and R' fractures with NW-SE trends. Our findings provide the evidence of a polyphase ductile-brittle structures such as shear zone and faults. These structures constitute pathway for both mineralizing fluids and ground water circulation. Since several gold artisanal mines exist in Ngoura-Colomines area, the proposed mapping approach is an important guide for the identification of the structures that control the gold mineralisation in the area.

Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics. 2016, 4(3), 61-72. DOI: 10.12691/jgg-4-3-3
Pub. Date: June 02, 2016

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Field Relationship among the Three Iron Ore Groups of Iron Ore Super Group Encircling the North Odisha Iron Ore Craton, India: A Comparison Study

by D. Beura, P. Singh, B. Satpathy, S. Behera and S.K. Nanda

Original Research

Banded Iron Formation (BIF) and iron ore deposit occupy three distinct provinces surrounding the North Odisha Iron Ore Craton (NOIOC) located in eastern India. They are Bonai-Keonjhar belt in the western flank, Badampahar-Gorumahisani-Suleipat belt in the eastern flank and Daitari-Tomka belt in the southern side of the Craton. All these three belts having group status are the best preserved basins of the Precambrian period that form Iron Ore Super Group (IOSG) of Odisha. IOSG contains BIFs as enigmatic rock comprising alternate layers of iron bearing minerals and silica. Since long these belts have been undergone numerous investigations with regard to mineralogy, geochemistry, stratigraphy, structure etc. Opinions based on published literatures have still unclear about the status-occurrence of these BIFs. Irrespective of their similarity in many characteristic features, they differ with respect to stratigraphy, structure, mineralogy, metamorphism, intrusives, and thickness of iron formation. With the resemblance in the evolution of basins, their differences have been delineated in this paper.

Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics. 2016, 4(3), 53-60. DOI: 10.12691/jgg-4-3-2
Pub. Date: May 18, 2016

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Lineament Mapping and Groundwater Occurrence within the Vicinity of Osara Dam, Itakpe-Okene area, North Central Nigeria, Using Landsat Data

by Kolawole M.S, Ishaku J.M, Daniel A and Owonipa O.D

Original Research

The implementation of geographic information systems (GIS) tools and remote sensing data for exploration of groundwater in area with scarce water resources saves time and money. Digital layers of topographic, drainage, lithology, and geological structure maps were prepared and analyzed using remote sensing data and GIS tools; to identify the most promising sites for groundwater explorarion in the studied area. Lineament analysis of Osara area using LandSat MSS data was performed to identify linear geologic features and lineament density. Directional edge enhancement techniques using convolution kernel were applied to Band 5 to enhance lineament in NW, N-S and E-W compass directions which act as conduit for ground water recharge. The result indicates that NE-SW is the most predominant lineament trend and a few along NW-SE direction. The hydrogeomorphologic and groundwater potentiality of the area were studied using ILWIS 3.2 and Surfer 8 workstations. Hydrogeomorphological analyses of the area was also carried out using visual interpretation of true and false colour composite (FCC) imagery and field observations. A weigtage is assigned to each theme depending on its influence on the storage and movement of groundwater. A knowledge based ranking is assigned to each unit in every theme map, depending on its significance to groundwater occurrence. The cumulative scores have been worked out and the scored pattern has been contoured in preparing the final potential map and classified into five groundwater prospect categories which are further justified by hydrological studies. Based on groundwater potentiality zones, the study reveals that about 13% of the area has good potential; about 58% is moderately good while about 31% of the area has poor ground water potential. The central part reveals favourable environment for higher water yield as well as favourable discharge area for groundwater prospect. The study showed that remote sensing and GIS is an efficient tools for mapping an area for groundwater exploration.

Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics. 2016, 4(3), 42-52. DOI: 10.12691/jgg-4-3-1
Pub. Date: May 13, 2016

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