Volume 9, Issue 3

Palynological Studies of Upper Creataceous-Paleocene Rocks in Auchi Sheet 266, Benin Flank, Western Extension of the Anambra Basin, Southwestern Nigeria
Original Research
Out crop samples from Mamu and Nsuka Formation at different locations and ditch cutting samples gotten from a water borehole at Ugbekpe-Ekperi road at different intervals collected from Benin Flank, Western extension of the Anambra Basin, were used for sedimentologic and palynology studies with the aim of establishing palynological assemblage zones, age and paleoenvironments of the sediments. Out crops and Ditch cutting samples were lithologically described using a transmitted light microscope in order to obtain their lithofacies and latter subjected to palynological slides preparation to identify the presence of palynomorphs. Lithofacies units identified were clay, sandy clay, silt, sandstone, shale and sandy shale facies. From the analyzed palynological slides, ninety one (91) palynomorphs species were identified in the outcrop samples, eighty three (83) were Miospores (pollen and spores) and seven (7) were Dinocysts while the borehole samples recorded fifty five (55) palynomorph species, forty three (43) were Miospores while fifteen (15) were Dinocyst. Clusters analysis were used to establish four (4) Palynological Assemblage zones which are Palynological Assemblage zones 1, 2, 3 and 4. Late Maastrichtian to Early Paleocene age is suggested for Nsukka Formation because of the presence / abundance of Spinizonocolpites baculatus with admixture of Apectodinium homomorphum and Homotryblium tenuispinosum. The occurrence of Monocolpites marginatus, Retidiporites magdalenensis, and non-occurrence of Spinizonocolpites baculatus in the outcrop samples suggests that Mamu Formation did not penetrate Late Maastrichtian. Thus Early to Middle Maastrichtian is suggested for Mamu formation. The occurrence of mangrove palynomorphs Zonocostites ramonae, fresh water algae Botryococcus braunii and Concentricyst circulus indicates sedimentation in coastal to shallow marine environment close to mangrove vegetation.
Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics. 2021, 9(3), 145-159. DOI: 10.12691/jgg-9-3-5
Pub. Date: July 20, 2021
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Application of Petrophysical Evaluation and Seismic Interpretation to Generate New Prospects Map of N-Field Rio Del Rey Basin, Cameroon
Original Research
The N-Field area of the Rio Del Rey Basin was interpreted on 3D seismic data, in order to provide an updated new prospects map of the area. The objective of creating the maps is to evaluate infill opportunities in N-Field. Three main horizons were picked in detail for this seismic interpretation, one in each target reservoir group (S6.1, S6.2 and S6.3) as well as two deeper horizons to ascertain the sedimentary architecture of the basin. The reservoirs and deeper sands show lateral variations in seismic response which are related to changes in reservoir properties but also to possible presence of hydrocarbons. Sedimentary features such as channels and pinch-outs can be seen on seismic, which likely act as stratigraphic traps to the east. All major faults were picked, as well as approximately five smaller, less well-defined faults and interpreted as straight normal faults, along many faults; the throw is variable, often decreasing to no visible throw at one or both ends The evaluation of the petrophysical characteristics revealed that the reservoirs are of good quality with average net to gross, porosities, water saturation and hydrocarbon saturation ranging from 0.774 to 0.980, 0.220-0.339, 0.133-0.367 and 0.633-0.867, respectively. Variation in the petrophysical parameters and the uncertainty in the reservoir structure of the three reservoirs were considered in calculating range of values of gross rock volume from generated prospects map.
Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics. 2021, 9(3), 134-144. DOI: 10.12691/jgg-9-3-4
Pub. Date: July 14, 2021
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Comparison of Terrestrial Gravity and EGM 2008 Data on Extracted Lineaments: A Case Study of the Adamawa Massif, North Cameroon
Original Research
A structural study on the Adamawa Massif highlights the major structures (faults) of the shear zone as well as the igneous intrusion near Mayo Baleo. Through this study, a comparison on the use of gravity data from the EGM 2008 and terrestrial models was carried out on the basis of gridded gradient data obtained by applying the MAGMAP filtering algorithm on the Oasis Montaj software system. Using the gradients has an advantage in that they contain much information especially on geological structures. The resulting maxima have strong density contrasts, enabling them to be used as tools in explaining geological contacts. Gravimetric lineaments marked by the geometry of the peaks (elongated shape) and the igneous intrusion corresponding to the circular peak were detected on the horizontal gradient maps. Reconciliation with the geology, the slope map and satellite images justifies the presence of the Djohong-Ngaoundal-Dir-Tibati, Tibati-Banyo and Tignère-Banyo lineaments which indicate the underlying Foumban (extension), Tibati and Tcholliré-Banyo faults respectively, comprising the shear system residing in the massif underlain by a gneiss-migmatite bedrock. The limitation on the use of gravity data from the EGM 2008 model is manifested through the Djohong lineament correlating with the large mylonitized feature trending NE-SW, defined as a steep relief (27° to 60°), separating the Mbere basin from the upper unit with about 358 m in height difference. This terrain is a small area of relief with morphological units adapted as in the case of the mountainous areas of the West to the use of gravity data from the EGM2008. The other lineaments that are part of the shear zone fault system are not elucidated because they correspond to deep mega structures that the EGM 2008 model resolution cannot attain at depth. The use of this model is suitable for studies of superficial structures which are associated with huge formations such as the volcanic dome of Mayo Baleo, an intrusion of young trachytes with steep slopes (27° to 60°) at an altitude of 2419 m.
Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics. 2021, 9(3), 124-133. DOI: 10.12691/jgg-9-3-3
Pub. Date: July 08, 2021
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Analysis of Spatial Factors Affecting Rental House Prices: A Case Study of Nyeri Town Constituency, Kenya
Original Research
Rental properties transactions have steadily increased annually by 2.7% globally since 2017. For a developing country like Kenya the transactions contributes 8.1% of Kenya’s gross domestic product according to 2019 national accounts statistics as it forms the basis of basic human need, shelter. It is projected to increase to 22% by 2020 in line with Government’s ‘big four’ agenda among them affordable housing, thus attracting investors constructing both commercial and residential houses. Investors in the real estate sector use a range of methods to determine rental house prices. Diverse factors have been noted to influence rental house prices some having higher effect than others. This research endeavors to analyze the spatial factors that affect rental houses prices in Nyeri town constituency, Kenya and determine their relationship to their current respective prices. Primary data was collected from rental house owners and assigned managing estate agents via structured questionnaires distributed through purposive sampling method. Guided by literature and data collected, roads, land value, houses and population data alongside secondary data was acquired and analyzed using the spatial hedonic model. Through GIS technologies, spatial factors identified from the data collected affecting rental house prices are analyzed and their relationship with rental house prices was determined. Regression and multicriteria analysis assigned different weights to the various factors as they were noted to influence the prices differently. From analytic hierarchy process, varying percentages were deduced on all the factors. Study results indicates different indices as seen from various spatial factors identified and analyzed having varying coefficients from which a predictive rental house price formula is generated. Maps were generated showing relationship of spatial factors with rental house prices. Investors or agencies can know the influence of the factors and may peg their decisions on the results of this research. This research is paramount in decision making procedures of investors as they eye on setting up developments within the constituency. The county government may benefit heavily as they may be able to work on certain areas that may increase revenue in the sector.
Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics. 2021, 9(3), 110-123. DOI: 10.12691/jgg-9-3-2
Pub. Date: July 01, 2021
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Biozonation and Sequence Stratigraphic Characterization of Sediments in X-well, JV-field Greater Ughelli Depo-belt Niger Delta Basin
Original Research
Biozonation and sequence stratigraphic characterization of sediments in X-well, JV-Field Greater Ugheli Depo belt Niger Delta Basin were carried out using a total of One hundred and ninety (190) Ditch cutting samples, with the aim of identifying palynological and foraminiferal bio-events such as abundance, zones, paleoenvironment, age and also identify sequence stratigraphic key surfaces such as Maximum Flooding Surfaces (MFS) and Sequence Boundaries (SB) of sediments penetrated by the drill. Diagnostic Palynomorphs such as Praedapollis africanus, Peregrinipollis nigericus, Retibrevitricolporites obodoensis aided in the establishment of three P-zones which are P620, P580, P560 Zones in the well. P620 and P580 Zones were lumped together and occur at depth 4680ft-7620ft while P560 occur at depth 7620-11580ft, species of foraminifera recorded are calcareous and arenaceous benthic Foraminifera species. Planktic Foraminifera specie are generally absent. Species recorded include Sproplectammina wrightii, Florilus atlanticus, Florilus costiferum, Eponides cf eshira, Quinqueloculina rhodiensis, Nonion centrosulcatum, and Alveolophragmium crassum. Foraminiferal zones established are Nonion centrosulcatum (N9), Fursenkoina punctata (N5) planktic and N8-N5 zone. the well records the occurrence of Two maximum flooding surfaces (Mfs) and two sequence boundary(SB) which was establish in P620/P580 zones and one maximum flooding surface which was established in the P560 Zone. The Sequence boundaries, Maximum flooding surfaces and their respective ages in these palynological zones occurred at various depths, P620 and P580 occurred at 26.2Ma Alabamina 1 Mfs at (6397ft) and 28.1Ma BOLIVINA 27Mfs at (7401ft) and the Sequence boundaries occurred at 6750ft at 27.3Ma SB,7553ft at 29.3Ma SB, P560 occurred at depth 31.3Ma UVIGERINELLA 5Mfs at (11200ft).
Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics. 2021, 9(3), 96-109. DOI: 10.12691/jgg-9-3-1
Pub. Date: July 01, 2021
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