by Anupama Natesh, Dr. Radhakrishnan and Thangamani R
Original Research
Thermal spring is a natural phenomenon and is known in various names as hot springs, mineral springs, magic water, geysers, fumaroles, etc. based on their nature, qualities, and modes of formation on the earth's surface. The present study discusses the physicochemical analysis of Irade hot spring water with a comparative study of physicochemical characters of the samples collected from nearby locations during two different seasons like post-monsoon and pre-monsoon (2019). Irde hot spring is located about 15 km from Puttur town in the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka, India. The samples were collected at a distance of 196.82m (OW1), 239.48m (OW2), 163.13m (BW), and 61.30m from the hot spring. Analytical results of Irade hot spring water shows concentrations of fluoride about 2.92 mg/L in the post-monsoon season and within the limit during pre-monsoon. Generally, a hot spring contains some amount of fluoride due to the acidic nature (low pH) of water which reacts with rock at the time of percolation. Hot spring water can be used for drinking purposes only after the proper treatment. The sulfate concentration in hot spring water is 528mg/L (pre-monsoon) and 325mg/L (post-monsoon) and it is higher when compared to near by water sources. The turbidity of open wells samples OW1 and OW2 shows 6.1NTU and 5.18 NTU respectively and it should be treated before using it for drinking purposes. Previous research concluded that the hot nature of spring water is due to the sulfate concentration. With the influence of climatic changes and reduction in sulfate concentration the temperature of water getting reduced every year.
Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics. 2021, 9(4), 177-183. DOI: 10.12691/jgg-9-4-2
Pub. Date: December 22, 2021
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by Zénon Itiga, Benoît Joseph Mbassa, Rose Noël Ngo Belnoun, Pierre Wotchoko, Dieudonné Tchokona Seuwui, Sébastien Owona, Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff, Pierre Wandji and Hervé Bellon
Original Research
The Cretaceous Ngaou Boh anorogenic complex (NBAC) located in the far North Adamawa Plateau, the centre domain of the Cameroon Line constitutes a plutonic-volcanic ring association. The whole rock K-Ar datation yields a crystallization age of ca. 74 Ma. Plutonic rocks comprise abundant alkali feldspar granites, scarce clinopyroxene-amphibole gabbros and alkali feldspar syenites. Alkali feldspar granites are leucocratic, coarse to fine-grained; quartz and K-feldspars are the major rock-forming mineral, besides minor oligoclase, biotite and accessory phases as sphene, zircon and opaques. Alkali feldspar syenites are mesocratic coarse-grained, mainly composed of K-feldspars with small amounts of quartz and biotite. Volcanic rocks consist of a basanite-trachyte-rhyolite suite. Basanites contain olivine and diopside phenocrysts and a groundmass essentially composed of plagioclase and titanomagnetite. Biotite-clinopyroxene trachytes and clinopyroxene-amphibole rhyolites have an almost homogeneous modal composition, mainly made up of sanidine and anorthoclase microliths, scarce phenocrysts of quartz, and minor crystals of biotite, clinopyroxene (augite) amphibole (pargasite, sandagaite); Fe-Ti oxides (ilmenite, titanomagnetite) and fibreglass are often isolated in the groundmass. Plutonic rocks are alkaline, weakly metaluminous with some alkali feldspar granites displaying agpaitic or peralkaline feature. Incompatible Trace elements (HFSE and LILE) distribution and chondrite-normalized REE patterns evidence a significant petrogenetic link between clinopyroxene-amphibole gabbros, alkali feldspar syenites and alkali feldspar granites. All the analysed samples are enriched in incompatible elements, indicating melts from spinel and garnet-bearing mantle source close to OIB component. Indeed, the (Tb/Yb)N ratios of both basanites (2.3-2.5) and clinopyroxene-amphibole gabbros (1.4-1.9) suggest different parental magma sources. Alkali feldspar granites appear as residue of magma differentiation led by crystal fractionation of liquid derived from the partial melting of spinel peridotite mantle. Clinopyroxene-amphibole rhyolites and biotite-clinopyroxene trachytes (Mg#=0.0-15.4) derive through fractional crystallization from basanites (Mg#=64.3-60.1), the most primitive mafic parental melt. Both plutonic rocks and lavas trends evidence a bimodality highlighted by a pronounced “Daly gap”.
Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics. 2021, 9(4), 160-176. DOI: 10.12691/jgg-9-4-1
Pub. Date: September 07, 2021
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