Hydro-chemical Analysis and Evaluation of Groundwater Quality of Hial Area, Bolangir District, Odisha, India

S.R. Barick¹ and B.K. Ratha^1,

¹P.G. Department of Geology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

Cite this paper

S.R. Barick and B.K. Ratha. Hydro-chemical Analysis and Evaluation of Groundwater Quality of Hial Area, Bolangir District, Odisha, India. Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics. 2014; 2(5A):22-28. doi: 10.12691/JGG-2-5A-5

Abstract

Ground water is a scarce resource in most part of Odisha as 80 percent of its area is underlain by hard rocks. As the study area is drought prone most people depend on ground water for drinking and agriculture. Hence, constant monitoring and assessment of water resource is necessary. With this purpose the present study area Hial, a part of Bolangir district of Odisha, India is chosen. Water samples were collected from the study area for quality evaluation during pre monsoon period of 2010. They were analyzed for physical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS and chemical parameters such as Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, HCO₃, CO₃, SO₄, F. Suitability of groundwater for purposes such as drinking, irrigation and industrial was evaluated following various classification schemes and water quality standards. The water quality study reveals that pH of the water varies from 7.23-8.35, EC ranges from 69.3-1345 µmho/cm, TDS values range from 238 to 777.3 mg/l, total alkalinity values range from 84-420 mg/l, total hardness values range from 88 to 452 mg/l. Analytical study of water samples reveals that calcium varies from 8 to 174.4 mg/l, magnesium varies from 2.9 to 78.1 mg/l, sodium varies from 9.4 to 176.5 mg/l, potassium varies from 0.1 to 12.5 mg/l, chloride values range from 8.5 to 195.68 mg/l, carbonate values range from 0 to 33.6 mg/l, bicarbonate values range from 82.96 to 512.4 mg/l, sulphate values range from 0 to 76 mg/l, fluoride values range from 0.25 to 2.8 mg/l in water of the area. Piper Trilinear plot shows most ground water samples as Mg-HCO³ and Ca-HCO³ type. From Richard’s salinity diagram it is observed that most of the samples are plotted in C3-S1 field indicating low Sodium Adsorption Ratio and high salinity hazard. The water chemistry of the area is controlled by lithology of the area.

Keywords

groundwater, Bolangir, Odisha, India

Copyright

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

[1]	Back, W. (1961) Techniques for mapping of hydrochemical facies.USGS Prof. Paper 424-D, pp. 380-382.
[2]	Domenico, P.A. and Schwartz, F.W. (1990) Physical and chemical Hydrogeology. John Wiley and sons. New York. pp. 410-420.
[3]	Doneen, L.D. (1962). The influence of crop and soil on percolating water. Proc. 1961. Biennial conference on Groundwater Recharge, pp. 156-163.
[4]	Gibbs, R.J. (1970) Mechanism controlling world water chemistry. Science, v170, pp. 1088-1090.
[5]	BIS (1991). Indian standard drinking water specification, Bureau of Indian standard.
[6]	Kelly, W.P. (1957) Adsorbed Sodium, cation exchange capacity and percentage sodium adsorption in alkali soils, sci., vol. 84, pp. 473-477.
[7]	Kelly, W.P. (1963) Use of saline irrigation water, soil science, 95 (4), pp. 355-391.
[8]	Piper, A.M. (1944) A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analysis. Am. Geophysics. Union Trans, 25: pp. 914-923.
[9]	Piper, A.M. (1953) A graphic procedure in geochemical interpretation of water analysis, U.S. geol. Surv. Groundwater note 12, 63.
[10]	Richards, L.A. (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils, U.S. Dept. Agri. Hand book, No. 60, pp. 160.
[11]	U.S salinity laboratory (1954) Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali soils, U.S Dept. Agriculture Handbook, pp. 60.
[12]	Sarkar, S.N. & Saha, A.K. (1977). The present status of the Precambrian stratigraphy, tectonics, and geochronology of Singhbhum – Keonjhar-Myurbhanj region, Eastern India, Ind. Jour. Earth Sc. S. Roy Vol. pp. 37-65.
[13]	Sarkar, S & Naik, K.C. (2011):Role of ground water in sustainability and development of a drought prone area-a case study from Bolangir district, DRS spl. Publ. in Geology, Utkal University, pp. 84-91.
[14]	Saha, A.K. (1994) Crustal evolution of Singhbhum-North-Odisha, Eastern India. Geol Soc. Ind Mem 27, pp. 341.